Nearly one in four children in the United States—about 19 million—live with at least one parent who has a substance use disorder, according to new research published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
This startling statistic sheds light on a public health issue that’s far more widespread than many realize. While much attention is given to the person struggling with addiction, the ripple effects often reach their children, quietly shaping lives in profound ways.
A Surprising Statistic with Deep Implications
The SAMHSA study, which analyzed data from 2022-2023, revealed that roughly 25% of children under 18 are growing up in households where a parent meets the clinical criteria for substance use disorder (SUD). That number includes dependency on alcohol, opioids, stimulants, and other substances.
To put it simply, millions of children are waking up each day in environments that may be unpredictable, unsafe, or emotionally turbulent—often without anyone outside the home realizing it.
The research emphasizes that while not every child in these situations experiences harm, the risks are elevated. And without early intervention, those risks can follow a child into adulthood.
How Parental Substance Use Affects Children
Children living with a parent who has a substance use disorder may experience a wide range of challenges, including:
- Emotional distress: Fear, confusion, and anxiety are common, especially when a parent’s behavior is inconsistent or erratic.
- Neglect or instability: Substance use can interfere with a parent’s ability to meet a child’s basic needs—like food, sleep, safety, and emotional support.
- Academic and behavioral issues: Kids may struggle in school, act out, or withdraw socially.
- Mental health challenges: There’s a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and trauma-related conditions.
- Increased risk of substance use later in life: Studies show children of parents with substance use disorders are more likely to develop similar issues themselves.
It’s important to note that not all outcomes are negative or inevitable. Protective factors—like support from another trusted adult, therapy, or a stable school environment—can significantly buffer the impact.
Alcohol Is the Most Common – But Not the Only Concern
Among the 19 million affected children, the majority—about 13 million—have a parent with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol’s legal status and social acceptability can sometimes obscure the seriousness of its misuse, especially in family settings.
Still, other substances are also involved. More than 3 million children have a parent dealing with opioid use disorder, and roughly 2 million are exposed to other drugs like methamphetamines or cocaine.
These numbers reflect the broader addiction landscape in America, but the message is clear: the consequences of substance use rarely stay confined to the person using.
How Families Can Cope and Where to Find Help
If your family—or someone you know—is affected by parental substance use disorder, know this: support is available, and recovery is possible. There are several steps families can take to reduce harm, build resilience, and move forward:
1. Talk to Children Honestly and Compassionately
Even young kids often sense when something is wrong. Offering age-appropriate explanations (“Mom is sick and getting help” instead of “Mom’s a mess”) can reduce fear and confusion.
2. Involve Professionals
Counselors, social workers, and pediatricians can provide essential support. School-based programs may also offer counseling services for children navigating these challenges.
3. Connect with Support Networks
Groups like Alateen, NACoA (National Association for Children of Addiction), and local family therapy centers offer guidance and community. You’re not alone, and neither are your kids.
4. Create Stability Where Possible
Consistency and routine—even something as simple as regular bedtimes or predictable after-school activities—can offer a sense of safety for children.
5. Challenge the Stigma
Shame and secrecy can deepen the problem. Reaching out for help is not a weakness—it’s a courageous and life-changing first step.
While the numbers are sobering, they also underscore the importance of awareness and action. Millions of children live with this silent burden—but with the right support systems, they don’t have to carry it alone.
