You beat COVID—but months later, something still feels off. Brain fog. Crushing fatigue. Shortness of breath. Welcome to the world of long COVID.
Also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), long COVID refers to lingering symptoms that last weeks or even months after a COVID-19 infection has resolved. And you don’t have to be hospitalized—or even have had severe symptoms—to develop it.
Common Long COVID Symptoms
The symptoms vary widely, but some of the most common include:
- Brain fog or difficulty concentrating
- Fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest
- Shortness of breath or chest pain
- Joint or muscle pain
- Headaches
- Heart palpitations
- Mood changes, including anxiety and depression
Some people also report gastrointestinal issues, skin rashes, or loss of taste and smell that just won’t return.
Who’s at Risk for Long COVID?
Anyone can get long COVID, but certain groups are more vulnerable. Women, people over 50, and those with pre-existing conditions like asthma or autoimmune disorders seem to be more at risk. But even young, healthy individuals have reported lingering symptoms after mild cases.
It’s estimated that 1 in 10 people who contract COVID-19 develop long COVID, though numbers may vary depending on the variant and vaccination status.
How Long COVID Affects Chronic Conditions
Long COVID often makes existing health problems worse. People with diabetes may see blood sugar swings. Asthma patients may notice more severe breathing issues. And those with chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia might see a flare-up of their baseline symptoms.
It’s not just frustrating—it can be life-altering. Some people have had to stop working, change careers, or limit their activities dramatically.
Diagnosis and Management
There’s no single test for long COVID. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions. Specialists such as pulmonologists, cardiologists, or neurologists may be involved in care, depending on the organ systems affected.
Treatment is largely supportive, focusing on symptom management. Some hospitals now have dedicated post-COVID recovery clinics that offer multidisciplinary care.
Physical therapy, occupational therapy, cognitive rehab, and medications for specific symptoms (like beta blockers for heart palpitations or SSRIs for brain fog) are commonly used.
What You Can Do
- Track your symptoms with a journal or health app.
- Advocate for yourself if you feel dismissed—this is a real condition.
- Seek out long COVID clinics if symptoms persist.
- Pace yourself to avoid post-exertional malaise (crashes after activity).
A Long Road, But Not Hopeless
Research into long COVID is evolving fast. Studies are exploring the role of viral persistence, immune system overreaction, and damage to the vagus nerve or mitochondria.
While we don’t have all the answers yet, understanding and recognition are growing. If you’re feeling like your body never fully bounced back, you’re not imagining it—and help is out there.
