If you have Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, you already know that what you eat can make a huge difference in how you feel. Some foods seem to set off a digestive fireworks show, while others keep things relatively calm. But figuring out what to avoid isn’t always straightforward. Everyone’s gut is unique, and what triggers a flare-up in one person might be fine for another. That said, there are some common culprits that many people with IBD find problematic. Let’s dig into the foods that might be worth limiting—or at least approaching with caution.
High-Fiber Raw Vegetables and Fruits: A Tricky Balancing Act
Fiber is great for most people, but for those with IBD, too much roughage can be a recipe for discomfort. Raw veggies like broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower can be hard to digest and may cause bloating and gas. The same goes for fruits with skins and seeds, such as apples, pears, and berries. Cooking vegetables can make them easier on the gut, and peeling fruits may help reduce irritation.
Dairy: A Gut Gamble
Lactose intolerance is more common among people with IBD, even if they’ve never had trouble with dairy before. Milk, ice cream, and soft cheeses can cause cramping, bloating, and diarrhea in those who struggle to digest lactose. If you’re noticing trouble after a scoop of ice cream or a latte, switching to lactose-free dairy or plant-based alternatives might be worth trying.
Fried and Fatty Foods: Hard to Digest
Greasy foods may taste amazing, but they can be tough on an inflamed digestive system. High-fat meals, such as fried chicken, burgers, and heavy cream-based sauces, can speed up digestion in ways that aren’t helpful for someone dealing with IBD symptoms. Many people find that lighter cooking methods—baking, grilling, or steaming—lead to better digestion and fewer flare-ups.
Artificial Sweeteners: Sneaky Trouble-Makers
Sugar substitutes like sorbitol, mannitol, and sucralose (found in diet sodas, sugar-free gum, and some protein bars) can pull extra water into the intestines, leading to bloating and diarrhea. Even in people without IBD, these sweeteners can cause digestive distress, so they’re definitely worth watching if you’re experiencing unpredictable symptoms.
Alcohol and Caffeine: A Double Whammy
That morning coffee or evening glass of wine might not seem like a big deal, but both caffeine and alcohol can irritate the gut lining and contribute to dehydration. For some people, these drinks worsen diarrhea or trigger abdominal pain. If you can’t imagine skipping your morning brew, consider switching to a lower-caffeine option like tea or opting for decaf.
Spicy Foods: Handle with Care
For some, spicy foods add excitement to meals; for others, they spell digestive disaster. Chili peppers, hot sauces, and spicy curries can irritate an already-sensitive digestive tract, leading to pain and discomfort. If you love bold flavors, experiment with milder seasonings like turmeric, ginger, or cinnamon to keep your meals interesting without upsetting your gut.
Carbonated Beverages: Bubbles Aren’t Always Friendly
Soda, sparkling water, and beer can introduce excess gas into your digestive system, which may lead to bloating and discomfort. Some people with IBD find that carbonation exacerbates their symptoms, so cutting back or opting for still water might bring relief.
Keeping a Food Journal: Your Best Detective Tool
Since everyone’s triggers are different, one of the best ways to understand what works for you is by keeping a food journal. Tracking what you eat and how you feel afterward can help you pinpoint patterns and identify which foods are best avoided—or simply need to be eaten in moderation.
The Bottom Line
While these foods are common troublemakers, IBD diets aren’t one-size-fits-all. It’s all about listening to your body, making small adjustments, and finding what works for you. If you’re unsure about eliminating certain foods, a registered dietitian or your healthcare provider can help you tailor a plan that keeps you both nourished and comfortable. After all, eating should be enjoyable—not something that causes extra stress!
